Most of the wildlife in Oregon evolved with wildfire. And even though fires are intensifying, they are nothing new to Oregon’s wild animals. There are also no documented cases of fires that have wiped out entire populations or species.
Large animals like deer and elk will run away or seek refuge in rivers or lakes. Like any situation, sick, old and young wildlife are most at risk during a wildfire. Due to the fast-moving nature of some of these fires, it’s likely that we also lose some otherwise healthy wildlife like deer and bear.
The main effect of wildfires on our wildlife is immediate loss of habitat and a reorganization of animal communities.
As animals are displaced by fire, bears and raccoons, for example, will often take the opportunity to hunt and feed in newly depopulated areas, while raptors may take advantage of reduced cover to hunt small mammals and birds.
In general, most wild animals will look for suitable habitat and shelter in the immediate aftermath of a fire. Regrowth of vegetation following a fire may begin almost immediately after the flames are extinguished, depending on the heat and severity of the fire. Some species will return to burned areas while the area is still smoldering to take advantage of new growth.
For fish and other aquatic organisms, wildfire can render their habitat unlivable in much the same way it does the land. Things like water chemistry, turbidity and runoff levels may cause fish to move away and die-offs are not uncommon.
Wildfires can benefit some species that depend on or se early seral (young) forest habitat. A young forest is often very productive, and species like woodpeckers, insectivorous birds, reptiles, deer, elk and bears can thrive and increase in number following a fire.
However, species that depend on late seral (mature) forest habitat may experience reduced population levels in the years immediately following a stand replacement fire.
It’s too soon to say how these fires have impacted fish and wildlife populations, but ODFW will be assessing the impact in the coming weeks and months. While the fires are burning, our immediate concern is protecting people and property.
How you can help wildlife impacted by forest fires
- Please call ODFW or Oregon State Police if you see wounded or injured animals, though you probably shouldn’t see an increasing number of animals in urban areas. You can also let any local wildlife rehabbers know.
- Don’t leave out water. It’s probably not necessary, and it has the potential of attracting multiple animals. Congregating isn’t necessarily a good thing for wildlife. If you do leave water out, leave it away from your house, change it often and remove it when it’s no longer needed.
- Don’t leave food out or attempt to feed wildlife.
- Donate to the Oregon Wildlife Foundation, which funds crucial habitat restoration projects around the state, including restoration of habitat impacted by wildfire.
After the fires are over
Once fall rain and winter snows have extinguished the wildfires, the job of assessment and restoration will begin. ODFW will work closely with federal and state partners, and others, to assess the impact of the fire on habitat and collaborate to restore damaged or destroyed habitat.